X-Road provides a robust and secure solution to exchange data and establish a collaborative ecosystem between public and private sectors.

It originated in Estonia in the late 1990s to address the challenge of isolated government databases and inefficient information sharing.

Estonia, Finland, and Iceland have jointly funded the Nordic Institute for Interoperability Solutions (NIIS) for the development and strategic management of X-Road. Additionally, Ukraine, the Faroe Islands, and the Åland Islands are partners of NIIS.