Over the past two decades, India has built robust foundational systems, empowering citizens with services ranging from welfare delivery to financial inclusion, in addition to fraud elimination, healthcare benefits, and educational opportunities across sectors.

India’s DPI as seen through the lens of common building blocks  includes:

1. Verifiable identities: Aadhaar digital identity

2. Verifiable credentials: DigiLocker

3. Open network for eCommerce: Open Network for Digital Commerce (ONDC)

4. Consented data sharing: Account Aggregator (AA) system

5. Electronic signatures: eSign

6. Interoperable and instant payments: UPI for P2P and P2M and Bharat Connect for G2P

7. Open APIs for government services: Open APIs published by India's Goods and Services Tax Network (GSTN)

8. Registries: Farmer registries, health facility registries, teacher registries, or vehicle registries are examples of machine-readable registries